posted 06-19-2007 01:52 PM            

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CHADDS FORD, PA - The Brandywine River Museum exhibits a large variety of antique matchsafes-tightly sealed, small containers once used to safely transport matches-in Strikingly Beautiful: Pocket Matchsafes, 1850-1910, May 26 through July 22, 2007.

Utilitarian and decorative, matchsafes went hand-in-hand with the development of matches in the 1800s. Early matches, produced in the late 1820s and early 1830s, were somewhat unreliable splinters of wood or waxed thread tipped with a variety of chemicals. They ignited, with differing degrees of success, when dipped in caustic acids or exposed to friction. Highly flammable phosphorus was eventually added to the chemical mixture that coated the match head, resulting in a friction match that consistently produced flame. Phosphorus matches were extremely volatile, often spontaneously igniting with minimal friction at inopportune times. They were extremely hazardous to carry, and pocket matchsafes were developed to prevent unexpected fires.

Before the 1850s, many people used snuff boxes with an added strike plate to carry matches. Pocket matchsafes, designed solely for the purpose of holding matches, were unusual. But with society's growing use of the friction match, matchsafe production increased dramatically in the second half of the 19th century and into the early 20th century.

Matchsafes were produced in almost every conceivable material, from silver and gold with inset gems and semi-precious stones to those plated with newly concocted alloys. The designs of thousands of matchsafes patented during this period document a rapidly changing society influenced by technology, fine arts, and historical events. Designers were influenced by the Art Nouveau style, the Arts and Crafts movement and Japanese art.

In the 20th century, matchsafes were produced in large quantities and functioned as miniature billboards advertising everything from pig's feed and household cleaners to imported liquor and luxury vehicles. Some matchsafe manufacturers cleverly designed boxes that actually resembled the advertised product.

Matchsafes recorded political, social and recreational aspects of daily life and immortalized eminent politicians, world leaders and literary figures. Men's clubs, fraternal organizations and schools ordered matchsafes to commemorate their activities. They also functioned as inexpensive souvenirs during an era of increasing world travel.

Although initially a product of necessity, matchsafes transcended their utilitarian function and soon embodied the culture of their times. Invention and practicality, however, led to the development of safety matches, matchbooks, and mechanical lighters, which replaced the unstable friction match and rendered the matchsafe obsolete. Matchsafes, now collectibles, serve as mirrors that reflect a rapidly changing era. They provide insight into the history, culture and technology of the 19th and early 20th centuries. They can also be appreciated for their beauty, imagination, diverse materials, and craftsmanship.

Located on U.S. Route 1 in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, the Brandywine River Museum is open daily, 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., except Christmas Day. Admission is $8 for adults; $5 for seniors ages 65 and over, students with I.D., and children; and free for children under six and Brandywine Conservancy members. For more information, call 610-388-2700 or visit the museum's website at www.brandywinemuseum.org

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